Accès à l’eau potable, assainissement et inégalités sanitaires à Niablé (Côte d’Ivoire) : une analyse de la justice spatiale

Résumé

In African cities, unequal access to drinking water and sanitation can create differences in residential environments and increase disparities in exposure to health risks. In Niablé, this study examines the relationships between water access, sanitation conditions and reported morbidity, as well as their spatial distribution. A survey was conducted among 1,790 households in May 2025. A grid of 300 m × 300 m cells, taking building density into account, was used to distribute the survey across the urban area. The data collected covered water sources, toilet facilities, wastewater disposal practices and illnesses reported during the preceding twelve months. The analysis combines descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Cramér’s V and a composite water–sanitation–health vulnerability index. Overall, 43.4% of households have a direct connection to the SODECI water supply network, while 56.6% rely on other sources. Wastewater is discharged into streets by 29.1% of households and into courtyards by 27.9%. Nearly one in four households reports an illness associated with water or sanitation. Statistically significant but weak associations were found between reported morbidity and water and sanitation conditions. The index classifies 33.9% of households as having low vulnerability, 60.6% moderate vulnerability and 5.5% high vulnerability. Unfavourable conditions are concentrated in certain areas, particularly in northern Niablé. These findings are based on household reports and do not establish causal relationships.