Comprendre les motivations et les processus de migration internationale vers les villes ougandaises
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Plusieurs facteurs et modèles de migration apparaissent sur le continent africain. Les facteurs et le comportement des migrants doivent encore être pleinement examinés lorsque les villes sont les destinations. Cet article tente de comprendre les motivations et le comportement des migrants internationaux basés dans trois villes ougandaises. En nous appuyant sur les lois de Ravenstein relatives à la migration, nous étudions comment les opportunités économiques et commerciales, associées aux conflits, influencent la migration internationale. La croissance des économies africaines et la paix relative qui règne dans les villes de destination semblent être des motivations fortes pour la migration internationale. Nous analysons les mouvements migratoires vers plusieurs destinations comme des « vagues » afin de comprendre pourquoi certaines personnes effectuent plusieurs voyages migratoires entre plusieurs villes. Nous utilisons le cadre origine-destination (OD) pour analyser spatialement les vagues migratoires. Cet article utilise une approche mixte combinant des données qualitatives, une analyse géospatiale, une analyse des réseaux sociaux et des mesures d'association pour comprendre les vagues migratoires. Les résultats montrent que plusieurs facteurs interagissent pour déclencher de multiples vagues de migration depuis différents pays africains vers les villes ougandaises. Alors que les conflits et la violence sont présentés dans diverses publications comme les principaux facteurs, cet article établit que les opportunités économiques, les retrouvailles sociales et familiales jouent un rôle de plus en plus important pour expliquer les vagues de migration.
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